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DE PARTMEN T OF EN VIRONMEN TAL QUALIT Y
DRINKING WATER AND RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTIO N DIVISION SU PP LYING WATER TO THE P UB LIC
Filed with th e Secretar y of Stat e on May 1, 2001 .
These ru les tak e effect 15 days after fili ng with th e Secretar y of Stat e
(By auth ority conferr ed on th e dep artm ent of environm enta l qua li ty by sections 5 an d 14 of 1976 PA 399 , MCL 325 .1005 an d 325 .1014 , an d Execut ive Order 1996 -1, MCL 330 .3101 )
R 325 .10101 to R 325.10410 an d R 325 .10501 to R 325 .12820 of th e Michigan Administrat ive Code ar e am ended by adding R 325 .10411 , R 325 .10412 , R 325 .10413 , R 325 .10414 , R 325 .10415 , R 325 .10416 , R 325 .10417 , R 325 .10418 , R 325 .10419 , an d
R 325 .10420 as follows:
PART 4. PUB LIC NOTI FICATIO N AND PUB LIC EDU CATIO N
R 325 .10411 Annua l consume r con fid ence repo rti ng; pu rpose and app li ca bility .
Rule 411 .(1) R 325 .10411 to R 325 .10415 es ta blis h th e minimum requirement s for th e cont ent, recor dkeep ing, an d delive ry of annua l con sum er confide nce report s that commun ity supplies sha ll prep ar e an d delive r to th eir customers. These report s sha ll conta in informat ion on th e qua li ty of th e wat er delive red by th e supplies an d chara cterize th e risks , if an y, from exposur e to contam inant s detected in th e drinking wat er in an accurat e an d un derstan dable mann er.
(2) R 325 .10411 to R 325 .10415 apply only to commun ity supplies.
(3) For th e pur pose of R 325 .10411 to R 325 .10415 , “report” mean s annua l con sum er confide nce report.
(4) For th e pur pose of R 325 .10411 to R 325 .10415 , “cu stomers” ar e defined as billi ng un its or service conn ections to which wat er is delive red by a commun ity supp ly.
(5) For th e pur pose of R 325 .10411 to R 325 .10420 , “detected” mean s at or above th e level s prescribe d by R 325.10605 .
R 325 .10412 Annua l consume r con fid ence repo rti ng; effec tiv e dates .
Rule 412 .(1) Each exis ting commun ity supply sha ll delive r its report by J uly 1 annua lly.
Each report sha ll conta in data collected dur ing, or before, th e previous calendar year.
(2) A new commun ity supply sha ll delive r its first report by J uly 1 of th e year after its first full calendar year in operat ion an d th en by J uly 1 annua lly.
(3) A commun ity supply that sells wat er to an oth er commun ity supply sha ll deliver th e applicable in format ion required in R 325 .10413 to th e buyer supply by eith er of th e followin g dat es:
(a) April 1 annua lly.
(b) A dat e mutua lly agreed upon by th e seller an d th e pur cha ser, an d spe cifically included in a contra ct between th e part ies.
R 325 .10413 Annua l consume r con fid ence repo rti ng ; content of repo rt s .
Rule 413 . (1) Ea ch commun ity supply sha ll provide to it s customers an annua l report that conta ins th e in format ion specified in th is ru le an d th e in format ion specified in R 325 .10414 .
(2) Ea ch report sha ll ident ify th e sour ce or sour ces of th e wat er delivered by th e commun ity supply by providing informat ion on th e following:
(a) The type of th e wat er; for exam ple, sur face wat er or groun d wat er.
(b) The comm only used nam e, if an y, an d locat ion of th e body or bodies of wat er.
(3) If a sour ce wat er assess ment ha s been com pleted, th en th e report sha ll notify con sum ers of th e availability of th e in format ion an d th e mean s to obta in it . In addition, a commun ity supply is en coura ged to highlight in th e report significant sour ces of contam inat ion in th e sour ce wat er ar ea if th e supply ha s readily available in format ion. If a commun ity supply ha s received a sour ce wat er assess ment from th e dep artm ent , th en th e report sha ll include a brief summar y of th e supply’s susceptibili ty to potent ial sour ces of contam inat ion, using lan gua ge provided by th e dep artm ent or writt en by th e operat or.
(4) Ea ch report sha ll include th e followin g definitions:
(a) “Maximum Contam inant Level Goal” or “MCLG ” mean s th e level of a contam inant in drink ing wat er below which th ere is no kn own or expe cted r isk to health . MCLGs allow for a mar gin of safety.
(b) “Maximum Contam inant Level ” or “MCL” mean s th e highest level of a contam inant that is allowed in drink ing wat er. MCLs ar e set as close to th e MCLGs as feasible using th e bes t available tr eatm ent techn ology.
(5) A report for a commun ity supply operat ing un der a var ian ce or an exemption issued un der section 20 of th e act sha ll include th e definition for var ian ces an d exemptions. “Var ian ces an d exemptions” mean s stat e or EP A perm ission not to meet an MCL or a tr eatm ent techn ique un der certa in con ditions.
(6) A report that conta ins data on a contam inant for which EP A ha s set a tr eatm ent techn ique or an action level sha ll include one or both of th e following definitions as applicable:
(a) “Treatm ent Techn ique” or “TT” mean s a required pr ocess int ended to reduce th e level of a contam inant in drink ing wat er.
(b) “Act ion Level ” or “AL” mean s th e con centrat ion of a contam inant that , if exceeded , tr iggers tr eatm ent or oth er requirement s that a wat er supply sha ll follow.
(7) The report sha ll include th e followin g in format ion on detected contam inant s subject to man dat ory monitoring, except Cryptosporidium .
(a) This subru le applies to all of th e followin g contam inant s:
(i) Contam inant s subject to an MCL, action level, or tr eatm ent techn ique kn own as regulat ed contam inant s.
(ii) Contam inant s for which monitoring is required by R 325 .10717b kn own as unr egulat ed contam inant s.
(iii) Disinfection by-products or microbial contam inant s for which monitoring is required by 40 C.F.R. part 141 , §§141 .142 an d 141 .143 , except as provided un der subru le (8)(a ) of th is ru le, an d which ar e detected in th e finished wat er.
(b) The data relat ing to th e contam inant s spe cified in th is subru le sha ll be displayed in one ta ble or in severa l adjacent ta bles . Any additiona l monitoring results that a commun ity supply ch ooses to include in it s report sha ll be displayed sep arat ely.
(c) The data sha ll be derived from data colle cted to com ply with EP A an d stat e monitoring an d ana lytical requirement s dur ing th e previous calendar year with th e following exceptions:
(i) If a commun ity supply is allowed to monitor for regulat ed contam inant s less oft en than once a year , th en th e ta ble or ta bles sha ll include th e dat e an d results of th e most recent sam pling an d th e report sha ll include a brief stat ement indicat ing that th e data prese nt ed in th e report ar e from th e most recent testing done in a ccor dan ce with th e regulat ions. Data older than 5 year s need not be included .
(ii) Res ults of monitoring in com plian ce with 40 C.F.R. part 141 , §§141 .142 an d 141 .143 need only be included for 5 year s from th e dat e of last sam ple or unt il an y of th e detected contam inant s becom es regulat ed an d subject to rout ine monitoring requirement s, whichever com es first.
(d) For detected regulat ed contam inant s in ta ble 4.1 , th e ta ble or ta bles sha ll conta in all of th e followin g in format ion:
(i) The MCL for that contam inant expressed as a num ber equa l to or great er than 1.0 (as provided in ta ble 4.1).
(ii) The MCLG for that contam inant expressed in th e sam e un it s as th e MCL.
(iii) If th ere is not an MCL for a detected contam inant , th en th e ta ble sha ll indicat e that th ere is a tr eatm ent techn ique, or specify th e action level, applicable to that contam inant . The report sha ll also include th e definitions for tr eatm ent techn ique an d/or action level, as appropriat e, an d specified in subru le (6) of th is ru le.
(iv) For contam inant s subject to an MCL, except tur bidi ty an d tota l coliform s, th e ta ble sha ll indicat e th e highest contam inant level used to determ ine com plian ce with a nat iona l primar y drink ing wat er regulat ion (NP DWR) an d th e ran ge of detected level s as follows :
(A) If com plian ce with th e MCL is determ ined annua lly or less frequent ly, th en th e ta ble sha ll indicat e th e highest detected level at an y sam pling point an d th e ran ge of detected level s expressed in th e sam e un it s as th e MCL.
(B) If complian ce with th e MCL is determ ined by calculat ing a runn ing annua l avera ge of all sam ples tak en at a sam pling point , th en th e ta ble sha ll indicat e th e highest avera ge of an y of th e sam pling point s an d th e ran ge of all sam pling point s expressed in th e sam e un it s as th e MCL.
(C) If com plian ce with th e MCL is determ ined on a supply-wide basis by calculat ing a runn ing annua l avera ge of all sam ples at all sam pling point s, th en th e ta ble sha ll indicat e th e avera ge an d ran ge of detection expressed in th e sam e un it s as th e MCL.
TABLE 4.1
Convert ing MCL Complian ce Values for Consum er Confidence Rep ort s
Key:
AL=Action Level
MCL=M aximum Contam inant Level MCLG=M aximum Contam inant Level Goal MFL=million fibers per lit er
mr em/year =millirems per year (a measur e of ra diat ion absorbed by th e body)
NTU=Nephelometr ic Tur bidi ty Un it s
pCi/l=picocur ies per lit er (a measur e of ra dioactivity) ppm=part s per million, or milligram s per liter (mg/l) ppb=part s per billion, or microgram s per liter (mg/l) ppt=part s per tr illion, or nan ogram s per lit er
ppq =part s per qua drillion, or picogram s per lit er TT=T reatm ent Techn ique
Contaminant
MCL in
Comp li ance Units (mg /L)
Mu lti p ly By …
MCL in CCR Units
MCLG
in CCR Units
Microbiological Contaminants
1.Tota l coliform bacteria
(Supplies that colle ct 40 or mor e sam ples per month ) 5% of
month ly sam ples ar e positive; (supplies that collect fewe r than 40 sam ples per month ) 1 positive month ly
sam ple.
0
2.Fecal coliform an d E. coli
A rout ine sam ple an d a repe at sam ple ar e
tota l coliform positive, an d 1 is also fecal coliform or E. coli
positive.
0
3. Tur bidity
TT (NTU)
n/a
Radioactiv e Contaminants
4. Beta /photon emitt ers
4 mr em/yr
4 mr em/yr
0
5. Alpha emitt ers
15 pCi/l
15 pCi/l
0
6. Combined ra dium
5 pCi/l
5 pCi/l
0
Ino rganic contaminants
7. Ant imony
.006
1000
6 ppb
6
8. Arsenic
.05
1000
50 ppb
n/a
9. Asbes tos
7 MFL
7 MFL
7
10. Bar ium
2
2 ppm
2
11. Beryllium
.004
1000
4 ppb
4
12. Cadmium
.005
1000
5 ppb
5
13 . Chr omium
.1
1000
100 ppb
100
14 . Coppe r
AL=1 .3
AL=1.3 ppm
1.3
15. Cyan ide
.2
1000
200 ppb
200
16. Fluoride
4
4 ppm
4
Contaminant
MCL in
Comp li ance Units (mg /L)
Mu lti p ly By …
MCL in CCR Units
MCLG
in CCR Units
17. Lead
AL=.015
1000
AL=15 ppb
0
18 . Mercur y (inorgan ic)
.002
1000
2 ppb
2
19. Nitrat e (as Nitr ogen)
10
10 ppm
10
20. Nitr it e (as Nitr ogen)
1
1 ppm
1
21 . Selenium
.05
1000
50 ppb
50
22. Tha llium
.002
1000
2 ppb
.5
Synthetic Organic Contaminants Inc lud ing Pe sticides and He rbi cides
23 . 2,4-D
.07
1000
70 ppb
70
24. 2,4,5-TP (Silvex )
.05
1000
50 ppb
50
25. Acr ylam ide
TT
0
26. Alachlor
.002
1000
2 ppb
0
27. Atra zine
.003
1000
3 ppb
3
28 . Benzo(a)pyrene (PAH)
.0002
1,000 ,000
200 ppt
0
29 . Car bofuran
.04
1000
40 ppb
40
30 . Chlordan e
.002
1000
2 ppb
0
31. Dalapon
.2
1000
200 ppb
200
32. Di(2-eth ylhexyl)adipat e
.4
1000
400 ppb
400
33. Di(2-eth ylhexyl)phtha lat e
.006
1000
6 ppb
0
34 . Dibromochloropropan e
.0002
1,000 ,000
200 ppt
0
35 . Dinoseb
.007
1000
7 ppb
7
36. Diquat
.02
1000
20 ppb
20
37 . Dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD )
.00000003
1,000 ,000 ,000
30 ppq
0
38. En dotha ll
.1
1000
100 ppb
100
39. En drin
.002
1000
2 ppb
2
40. Epichlorohydrin
TT
0
41. Eth ylene dibromide
.00005
1,000 ,000
50 ppt
0
42. Glyphosat e
.7
1000
700 ppb
700
43. Hepta chlor
.0004
1,000 ,000
400 ppt
0
44. Hepta chlor epoxide
.0002
1,000 ,000
200 ppt
0
45 . Hexachlorobenzene
.001
1000
1 ppb
0
46 . Hexachloro- cyclopenta diene
.05
1000
50 ppb
50
47. Lindan e
.0002
1,000 ,000
200 ppt
200
48 . Meth oxychlor
.04
1000
40 ppb
40
49 . Oxam yl (Vydat e)
.2
1000
200 ppb
200
50 . PCBs (Polychlorinat ed biphenyls)
.0005
1,000 ,000
500 ppt
0
51 . Penta chlorophenol
.001
1000
1 ppb
0
52. Picloram
.5
1000
500 ppb
500
53. Sima zine
.004
1000
4 ppb
4
54 . Toxaphene
.003
1000
3 ppb
0
Vo lati le Organic Contaminants
55 . Benzen e
.005
1000
5 ppb
0
56. Car bon tetra chloride
.005
1000
5 ppb
0
57 . Chlorobenzen e
.1
1000
100 ppb
100
58 . o-Dich loroben zen e
.6
1000
600 ppb
600
59 . p-Dichlorobenzene
.075
1000
75 ppb
75
60 . 1,2-Dichloroethan e
.005
1000
5 ppb
0
61 . 1,1-Dichloroeth ylene
.007
1000
7 ppb
7
62 . cis-1,2-Dichloroeth ylene
.07
1000
70 ppb
70
63. tran s-1,2-
Dichloroeth ylen e
.1
1000
100 ppb
100
64 . Dichloromethan e
.005
1000
5 ppb
0
Contaminant
MCL in
Comp li ance Units (mg /L)
Mu lti p ly By …
MCL in CCR Units
MCLG
in CCR Units
65 . 1,2-Dichloropropan e
.005
1000
5 ppb
0
66 . Eth ylbe nzene
.7
1000
700 ppb
700
67 . Styrene
.1
1000
100 ppb
100
68 . Tetra chloroeth ylene
.005
1000
5 ppb
0
69 . 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
.07
1000
70 ppb
70
70 . 1,1,1-Trichloroethan e
.2
1000
200 ppb
200
71 . 1,1,2-Trichloroethan e
.005
1000
5 ppb
3
72 . Trichloroeth ylene
.005
1000
5 ppb
0
73. TTHMS (Tota l tr iha lmethan es)
.10
1000
100 ppb
n/a
74 . Toluene
1
1 ppm
1
75. Vinyl Chloride
.002
1000
2 ppb
0
76 . Xylen es
10
10 ppm
10
Note to subdivisi on (d)(iv) of th is subru le: When roun ding of results to determ ine com plian ce with th e MCL is a llowed , roun ding ma y be done befor e mu lt iplying th e results by th e factor listed in ta ble 4.1 of th is ru le.
(v) For tur bidity report ed pur suant to R 325 .10720 an d R 325 .11004 , th e ta ble sha ll indicat e th e highest single measur ement an d th e lowes t month ly percenta ge of sam ples meeting th e tur bidi ty limits for th e filtrat ion techn ology being used . The report ma y include an explanat ion of th e reasons for measur ing tur bidi ty.
(vi) For lead an d coppe r , th e ta ble sha ll indicat e th e 90th percent ile value of th e most recent roun d of sam pling an d th e num ber of sam pling sites exceedi ng th e action level.
(vii) For tota l coliform , th e ta ble sha ll indicat e eith er of th e followin g:
(A) The highest month ly num ber of positive sam ples for supplies colle ct ing fewer than 40 sam ples per month .
(B) The highest month ly percenta ge of positive sam ples for supplies colle ct ing not less than 40 sam ples per month .
(viii) For fecal coliform , th e ta ble sha ll indicat e th e tota l num ber of positive sam ples.
(ix) The ta ble sha ll indicat e th e likely sour ce or sour ces of detected contam inant s to th e bes t of th e supply’s kn owledge . Spe cific in format ion regar ding contam inant s ma y be available in san itar y sur veys an d sour ce wat er assess ment s an d th e supply sha ll use th e in format ion when it is available. If th e supply lacks specific in format ion on th e likely sour ce, th en th e report sha ll include one or more of th e typical sour ces for that contam inant listed in ta ble
4.2 that ar e most applicable to th e commun ity supply.
TABLE 4.2
Regulat ed Contam inant s Key: AL=Action Level
MCL=M aximum Contam inant Level MCLG=M aximum Contam inant Level Goal MFL=million fibers per lit er
mr em/year =millirems per year (a measur e of ra diat ion absorbed by th e body) NTU=Nephelometr ic Tur bidi ty Un it s
pCi/l=picocur ies per lit er (a measur e of ra dioactivity) ppm=part s per million, or milligram s per liter (mg/l) ppb=part s per billion, or microgram s per liter (mg/l) ppt=part s per tr illion, or nan ogram s per lit er
ppq =part s per qua drillion, or picogram s per lit er TT=T reatm ent Techn ique
Contaminant ( Units )
MCL G
MCL
Major Sou rces in Dri nk ing Wate r
Hea lt h Effec ts Language
Microbiological Contaminants
1. Tota l coliform bacteria
0
(Supplies that collect 40 or mor e sam ples
per month ) 5% of month ly
sam ples ar e positive;
(Supplies that collect fewe r than 40
sam ples per month ) 1
positive month ly sam ple.
Natura lly prese nt in th e en vironm ent .
Coliform s ar e bacteria that ar e natura lly pr ese nt in th e environm ent an d ar e u sed as an indicat or that oth er, potent ially harm ful, bacteria ma y be prese nt .
Coliform s wer e foun d in mor e sam ples than a llowed an d th is was a warn ing of potent ial problems.
2. Fecal coliform an d E. coli
0
A rout ine
sam ple an d a repe at sam ple ar e tota l
coliform
positive, an d 1 is also fecal coliform or E. coli positive.
Human an d an ima l feca l wa st e.
Fecal coliform s an d E. coli ar e bacteria whose prese nce indicat es that th e wat er ma y be contam inat ed with human or
an ima l wastes. Microbes in th ese wastes can cau se short -t erm effects, such a s
diarrh ea, cram ps, nau sea, headaches, or oth er symptoms. They ma y pose a spe cial health r isk for infant s, youn g children,
an d people with severely compromised immun e systems.
3. Tur bidty
n/a
TT
Soil run off.
Tur bidi ty ha s no health effects. Howeve r , tur bidi ty can int erfere with disinfection
an d provide a medium for microbial growth . Tur bidi ty ma y indicat e th e
prese nce of disease-cau sing organ isms.
These organ isms include bacteria, viru ses , an d para sites that can cau se symptoms
such as nau sea, cram ps, diarrh ea, an d associat ed headaches.
Radioactiv e Contaminants
4. Beta /photon emitt ers (mr em /yr )
0
4
Decay of natura l an d man -ma de deposits.
Certa in minera ls ar e ra dioactive an d ma y emit form s of ra diat ion kn own as photons an d beta ra diat ion. Some people who
drink wat er conta ining beta an d photon
emitt ers in excess of th e MCL over man y year s ma y ha ve an increased r isk of
gett ing can cer.
5. Alpha emitt ers (pCi/l)
0
15
Er osion of natura l
Certa in minera ls ar e ra dioactive an d ma y
Contaminant ( Units )
MCL G
MCL
Major Sou rces in Dri nk ing Wate r
Hea lt h Effec ts Language
deposits.
emit a form of ra diat ion kn own as a lpha ra diat ion. Some people who drink wat er conta ining a lpha emitt ers in excess of th e MCL over man y year s ma y ha ve an
increased r isk of gett ing can cer.
6. Combined ra dium (pCi/l)
0
5
Er osion of natura l deposits.
Some people who drink wat er conta in ing ra dium 226 or 228 in excess of th e MCL over man y year s ma y ha ve an incr ea sed r isk of gett ing can cer.
Ino rganic Contaminants
7. Ant imony (ppb )
6
6
Dis char ge from petr oleum
refineries; fir e retar dant s;
ceram ics;
electr onics; solder.
Some people who drink wat er conta in ing ant imony well in excess of th e MCL over man y year s could expe rience increases in blood cholesterol an d decreases in blood sugar .
8. Arsenic (ppb )
n/a
50
Er osion of natura l dep osits; run off
from orchar ds; run off from gla ss an d electr onics
production wastes.
Some people who drink wat er conta in ing ar senic in excess of th e MCL over man y year s could expe r ience sk in dama ge or
problems with th eir circulat ory system, an d ma y ha ve an increased r isk of gett ing can cer.
9. Asbes tos (MFL)
7
7
Deca y of a sbes t os cem ent wat er
ma ins; erosion of natura l deposits.
Some people who drink wat er conta in ing asbes tos in excess of th e MCL over man y year s ma y ha ve an increased r isk of
developing benign int estina l polyps.
10. Bar ium (ppm)
2
2
Dischar ge of drilling wastes; dischar ge
from meta l
r efin eries; erosion of natura l dep osits.
Some people who drink wat er conta in ing bar ium in excess of th e MCL over man y year s could expe rience an increase in th eir blood pr ess ur e.
11. Beryllium (ppb )
4
4
Dis char ge from
meta l refineries an d coal-burn ing
factories; dischar ge from electr ica l,
a erosp ace, an d
defense industr ies.
Some people who drink wat er conta in ing beryllium well in excess of th e MCL over man y year s could develop int estina l
lesions.
12. Cadmium (ppb )
5
5
Corr osion of
galvan ized pipes; erosion of natura l
dep osits; dischar ge from meta l
r efin er ies; run off
from wa ste batt eries an d paint s.
Some people who drink wat er conta in ing cadmium in excess of th e MCL over man y year s could expe r ience kidney dama ge.
13 . Chr omium (ppb )
100
100
Dis char ge from
steel an d pulp mills; erosion of natura l deposits.
Som e people who u se wat er conta in ing chr omium well in excess of th e MCL over man y year s could expe rience allergic
dermat it is.
Contaminant ( Units )
MCL G
MCL
Major Sou rces in Dri nk ing Wate r
Hea lt h Effec ts Language
14 . Coppe r (ppm)
1.3
AL=1 .3
Corr osion of
household plum bing system s; erosion of natura l deposits;
lea ch in g fr om wood prese rvat ives.
Coppe r is an esse nt ia l nutr ient , but some people who drink wat er conta in ing coppe r in excess of th e action level over a
relat ively short am ount of t ime could
expe rience gastr oint estina l distr ess . Some people who drink wat er conta in ing coppe r in excess of th e action level over man y
year s could suffer live r or kidney dama ge.
People with Wilson’s Dise ase ar e
encoura ged to consult th eir persona l doctor.
15. Cyan ide (ppb )
200
200
Dis char ge from
steel/meta l factories; dischar ge from
plastic an d fert ilize r factories.
Some people who drink wat er conta in ing cyan ide well in excess of th e MCL over man y year s could expe r ience n erve
dama ge or problems with th eir th yroid.
16. Fluoride (ppm)
4
4
Er osion of natura l dep osits; wat er
additive that
promotes str ong teeth ; dischar ge
from fert ilize r an d
alum inum factories.
Some people who drink wat er conta in ing fluoride in excess of th e MCL over man y year s could get bone disease, including
pain an d t endern ess of th e bones. Children ma y get mott led teeth .
17. Lead (ppb )
0
AL=15
Corr osion of
household plum bing system s; erosion of natura l deposits.
Infant s an d children who drink wat er conta ining lead in excess of th e action level could expe rience delays in th eir
physical or menta l development . Children cou ld show slight deficits in att ent ion span an d learn ing abilities. Adults who drink th is wat er over man y year s could develop kidney problems or high blood press ur e.
18 . Mercur y [inorgan ic] (ppb )
2
2
Er osion of natura l dep osits; dischar ge fr om r efin er ies an d factories; run off
from lan dfills; run off fr om
croplan d.
Some people who drink wat er conta in ing inorgan ic mercur y well in excess of th e MCL over man y year s could expe r ience kidney dama ge.
19. Nitrat e [as Nitr ogen] (pp m)
10
10
Run off fr om fert ilize r use;
leaching from sep t ic tank s, sew a ge;
erosion of natura l deposits.
Infant s below th e age of six month s who
drink wat er conta ining nitrat e in excess of th e MCL cou ld becom e seriously ill an d, if untr eat ed, ma y die. Symptoms include
shortn ess of breath an d blue-baby syn dr om e.
20. Nitr ite [as
Nitr ogen] (pp m)
1
1
Run off fr om fert ilize r use;
leaching from sep t ic tank s, sew a ge;
erosion of natura l deposits.
Infant s below th e age of six month s who drink wat er conta ining nitr it e in excess of th e MCL cou ld becom e seriously ill an d, if untr eat ed, ma y die. Symptoms include
shortn ess of breath an d blue-baby syn dr om e.
Contaminant ( Units )
MCL G
MCL
Major Sou rces in Dri nk ing Wate r
Hea lt h Effec ts Language
21 . Selenium (ppb )
50
50
Dis char ge from petr oleum an d meta l refineries;
erosion of natura l dep osits; dischar ge from min es.
Selenium is an esse nt ia l nutr ient .
Howeve r , som e people who dr ink wat er conta ining selenium in excess of th e MCL over man y year s could expe r ience ha ir or fingerna il losses , num bness in fingers or
toes, or problems with th eir circulat ion.
22. Tha llium (ppb)
0.5
2
Lea ch in g fr om or e- processi ng sites;
dischar ge from electr onics, glass,
an d dru g factories.
Some people who drink wat er conta in ing tha llium in excess of th e MCL over man y year s could expe r ience ha ir loss, chan ges in th eir blood, or problems with th eir
kidneys, int estines, or liver.
Synthetic Organic Contaminants inc lud ing Pe sticides and He rbi cides
23. 2,4-D (ppb )
70
70
Run off fr om
herbicide used on row crops .
Some people who drink wat er conta in ing th e weed kille r 2,4-D well in excess of th e MCL over man y year s could expe r ience
problems with th eir kidneys, live r , or adrena l glan ds.
24. 2,4,5-TP [Silvex ] (ppb )
50
50
Resid u e of bann ed herbicide.
Some people who drink wat er conta in ing silvex in excess of th e MCL over man y
year s could expe rience live r problems.
25. Acr ylam ide
0
TT
Added to wat er dur in g sew a ge/ wastewat er
tr eatm ent .
Some people who drink wat er conta in ing high level s of acrylam ide over a long
period of t ime could ha ve problems with th eir nervous system or blood, an d ma y ha ve an increased r isk of gett ing can cer.
26. Alachlor (ppb )
0
2
Run off fr om
herbicide used on row crops .
Some people who drink wat er conta in ing a lachlor in excess of th e MCL over man y
year s could ha ve problems with th eir eyes , live r , kidneys, or splee n, or expe r ience
an emia, an d ma y ha ve an increased r isk of gett ing can cer.
27. Atra zine (ppb )
3
3
Run off fr om
herbicide used on row crops .
Some people who drink wat er conta in ing atra zine well in excess of th e MCL over man y year s could expe r ience problems with th eir car diovascular system or
reproductive difficu lt ies.
28 . Benzo(a)pyr en e [PAH] (nan ogram s/l)
0
200
Leaching from lin ings of wat er
stora ge tank s an d distr ibut ion lines.
Some people who drink wat er conta in ing ben zo(a)pyr en e in excess of th e MCL over man y year s ma y expe r ience reproductive difficu lt ies an d ma y ha ve an increased r isk of gett ing can cer.
29 . Car bofuran (ppb )
40
40
Leaching of soil fum igant used on r ice an d alfalfa.
Some people who drink wat er conta in ing car bofuran in excess of th e MCL over man y year s could expe r ience problems with th eir blood, or nervous or
reproductive systems.
30 . Chlordan e (ppb )
0
2
Resid u e of bann ed term it icide.
Some people who drink wat er conta in ing chlordan e in excess of th e MCL over man y year s could expe rience problems with
th eir live r or nervous system, an d ma y ha ve an increased r isk of gett ing can cer.
31. Dalapon (ppb )
200
200
Run off fr om
herbicide used on right s of way.
Some people who drink wat er conta in ing dalapon well in excess of th e MCL over man y year s could expe r ience minor
kidney chan ges.
32. Di(2-eth ylhexyl)
400
400
Dis char ge from
Some people who drink wat er conta in ing
Contaminant ( Units )
MCL G
MCL
Major Sou rces in Dri nk ing Wate r
Hea lt h Effec ts Language
adipat e (ppb)
chemical factories.
di (2-eth ylhexyl) adipat e well in excess of th e MCL over man y year s could
expe r ience gen era l toxic effect s or reproductive difficu lt ies.
33. Di(2-eth ylhexyl) phtha lat e (ppb )
0
6
Dis char ge from
ru bber an d chemical factories.
Some people who drink wat er conta in ing di (2-eth ylhexyl) phtha lat e in excess of th e MCL over man y year s ma y ha ve problems with th eir live r , or expe rience
reproductive difficulties, an d ma y ha ve an increased r isk of gett ing can cer.
34.
Dibromochloropropan e (DBCP) (ppt)
0
200
Run off/
leaching from soil fum igant used on soybe an s, cott on, pineapples, an d orchar ds.
Some people who drink wat er conta in ing DBCP in excess of th e MCL over man y year s could expe r ience reproductive
difficu lt ies an d ma y ha ve an increased r isk of gett ing can cer.
35 . Dinoseb (ppb )
7
7
Run off fr om
herbicide used on soybe an s an d vege ta bles .
Some people who drink wat er conta in ing dinoseb well in excess of th e MCL over man y year s could expe r ience reproductive difficu lties.
36. Diquat (ppb )
20
20
Run off fr om
herbicide u se.
Some people who drink wat er conta in ing diquat in excess of th e MCL over man y year s could get catara cts.
37. Dioxin [2,3,7,8- TCDD ] (ppq )
0
30
Em iss ions from
waste incinerat ion an d oth er
combustion;
dischar ge from
chemical factories.
Some people who drink wat er conta in ing dioxin in excess of th e MCL over man y year s could expe r ience reproductive
difficu lt ies an d ma y ha ve an increased r isk of gett ing can cer.
38. En dotha ll (ppb )
100
100
Run off fr om
herbicide u se.
Some people who drink wat er conta in ing endotha ll in excess of th e MCL over man y year s could expe rience problems with
th eir stoma ch or int estines.
39. En drin (ppb )
2
2
Resid u e of bann ed insecticide.
Some people who drink wat er conta in ing endrin in excess of th e MCL over man y year s could expe rience live r problems.
40. Epichlorohydrin
0
TT
Dis char ge from
industr ial chemical factories; an
impur ity of some wat er tr eatm ent chemicals.
Some people who drink wat er conta in ing high level s of epichlorohydrin over a long period of t ime could expe r ience stoma ch
problems, an d ma y ha ve an increased r isk of gett ing can cer.
41. Eth ylene dibromide (ppt)
0
50
Dis char ge from petr oleum
refineries.
Some people who drink wat er conta in ing eth ylene dibromide in excess of th e MCL over man y year s could expe r ience
problems with th eir liver, stoma ch,
reproductive system, or kidneys, an d ma y ha ve an increased r isk of gett ing can cer.
42. Glyp hosat e (ppb )
700
700
Run off fr om
herbicide u se.
Some people who drink wat er conta in ing glyphosat e in excess of th e MCL over man y year s could expe r ience problems with th eir kidneys or reproductive
difficu lties.
43. Hepta chlor (ppt)
0
400
Resid u e of bann ed pes t icide.
Some people who drink wat er conta in ing hepta chlor in excess of th e MCL over
Contaminant ( Units )
MCL G
MCL
Major Sou rces in Dri nk ing Wate r
Hea lt h Effec ts Language
man y year s could expe rience live r dama ge an d ma y ha ve an increased r isk of gett ing can cer.
44. Hepta chlor epoxide (ppt)
0
200
Br eak down of hepta chlor.
Some people who drink wat er conta in ing hepta chlor epoxide in excess of th e MCL over man y year s could expe r ience live r
dama ge an d ma y ha ve an increased r isk of gett ing can cer.
45 . Hexachlorobenzene (ppb )
0
1
Dis char ge from
meta l refineries an d agricultura l
chemical factories.
Some people who drink wat er conta in ing h exachlorobenzen e in excess of th e MCL over man y year s could expe r ience
problems with th eir live r or kidneys, or adverse reproductive effects, an d ma y
ha ve an increased r isk of gett ing can cer.
46 . Hexachlorocyclopen- ta diene (ppb )
50
50
Dis char ge from
chemical factories.
Some people who drink wat er conta in ing hexachlorocyclopenta diene well in excess of th e MCL over man y year s could
expe r ience problems with th eir kidneys or stoma ch.
47. Lindan e (ppt)
200
200
Run off/
leaching from
insecticide used on catt le, lum ber,
gar dens.
Some people who drink wat er conta in ing lindan e in excess of th e MCL over man y year s could expe rience problems with
th eir kidneys or live r .
48 . Meth oxychlor (ppb )
40
40
Run off/
leaching from
insecticide used on fru it s, vege ta bles alfalfa, livest ock
Some people who drink wat er conta in ing m eth oxychlor in excess of th e MCL over man y year s could expe r ience reproductive difficulties.
49 . Oxam yl [Vydat e] (ppb )
200
200
Run off/
leaching from
insecticide used on
apples, potat oes, an d tomat oes.
Some people who drink wat er conta in ing oxam yl in excess of th e MCL over man y year s could expe r ience slight nervous
system effects.
50. PCBs
[Polychlorinat ed biphenyls] (ppt)
0
500
Run off fr om
lan dfills; dischar ge of waste chemicals.
Some people who drink wat er conta in ing PCBs in excess of th e MCL over man y
year s could expe rience chan ges in th eir sk in, problems with th eir th ymu s glan d, immun e deficiencies, or reproductive or
nervous system difficulties, an d ma y ha ve an increased r isk of gett ing can cer.
51 . Penta chlorophenol (ppb )
0
1
Dis char ge from wood prese rving factories.
Some people who drink wat er conta in ing penta chlorophenol in excess of th e MCL over man y year s could expe r ience
problems with th eir live r or kidneys, an d ma y ha ve an increased r isk of gett ing can cer.
52. Picloram (ppb )
500
500
Herbicide run off.
Some people who drink wat er conta in ing picloram in excess of th e MCL over man y year s could expe rience problems with
th eir liver.
53. Sima zine (ppb )
4
4
Herbicide run off.
Some people who drink wat er conta in ing sima zine in excess of th e MCL over man y year s could expe rience problems with
th eir blood.
54 . Toxaphene (ppb )
0
3
Run off/
Some people who drink wat er conta in ing
Contaminant ( Units )
MCL G
MCL
Major Sou rces in Dri nk ing Wate r
Hea lt h Effec ts Language
leaching from
insecticide used on cott on an d catt le.
toxa phene in excess of th e MCL over man y year s could expe r ience problems with th eir kidneys, live r , or th yroid, an d ma y ha ve an increased r isk of gett ing can cer.
Volati le organic compounds
55 . Benzene (ppb )
0
5
Dis char ge from
factories; leaching from ga s stora ge tank s an d lan dfills.
Some people who drink wat er conta in ing ben zen e in excess of th e MCL over man y year s could expe r ience an emia or a
decrease in blood plat elets, an d ma y ha ve an increased r isk of gett ing can cer.
56. Car bon tetra chloride (ppb )
0
5
Dis char ge from
chemical plant s an d oth er industr ial
activities.
Some people who drink wat er conta in ing car bon t etra chloride in excess of th e MCL over man y year s could expe r ience
problems with th eir live r an d ma y ha ve an increased r isk of gett ing can cer.
57 . Chlorobenzene (ppb )
100
100
Dis char ge from chemical an d
agricultura l
chemical factories.
Some people who drink wat er conta in ing ch loroben zen e in excess of th e MCL over man y year s could expe r ience problems with th eir live r or kidneys.
58 . o-Dich loroben zen e (ppb )
600
600
Dis char ge from
industr ial chemical factories.
Some people who drink wat er conta in ing o-dichlorobenzen e well in excess of th e MCL over man y year s could expe r ience problems with th eir live r , kidneys, or
circulat ory systems.
59 . p-Dichlorobenzene (ppb )
75
75
Dis char ge from
industr ial chemical factories.
Some people who drink wat er conta in ing p-dichlorobenzene in excess of th e MCL over man y year s could expe r ience an emia, dama ge to th eir live r , kidneys, or splee n, or chan ges in th eir blood.
60 . 1,2-Dichloroethan e (ppb )
0
5
Dis char ge from
industr ial chemical factories.
Some people who drink wat er conta in ing 1,2-dichloroethan e in excess of th e MCL over man y year s ma y ha ve an incr ea sed r isk of gett ing can cer.
61 . 1,1-Dichloroeth ylene (ppb )
7
7
Dis char ge from
industr ial chemical factories.
Some people who drink wat er conta in ing 1,1-dichloroeth ylene in excess of th e MCL over man y year s could expe r ience
problems with th eir liver.
62. cis-1,2-
Dichloroeth ylene (ppb )
70
70
Dis char ge from
industr ial chemical factories.
Some people who drink wat er conta in ing cis-1,2-dichloroeth ylene in excess of th e MCL over man y year s could expe r ience problems with th eir liver.
63. tran s-1,2-
Dichloroeth ylene (ppb )
100
100
Dis char ge from
industr ial chemical factories.
Some people who drink wat er conta in ing tran s-1,2-dichloroeth ylene well in excess of th e MCL over man y year s could
expe rience problems with th eir live r .
64 . Dichloromethan e (ppb )
0
5
Dis char ge from
pharma ceut ical an d chemical factories.
Some people who drink wat er conta in ing dichloromethan e in excess of th e MCL
over man y year s could ha ve live r problems an d ma y ha ve an increased r isk of gett ing can cer.
65 . 1,2-Dichloropropan e (ppb )
0
5
Dis char ge from
industr ial chemical factories.
Some people who drink wat er conta in ing 1,2-dichloropropan e in excess of th e MCL over man y year s ma y ha ve an incr ea sed
Contaminant ( Units )
MCL G
MCL
Major Sou rces in Dri nk ing Wate r
Hea lt h Effec ts Language
r isk of gett ing can cer.
66 . Eth ylbe nzene (ppb )
700
700
Dis char ge from petr oleum
refineries.
Some people who drink wat er conta in ing eth ylbe nzene well in excess of th e MCL over man y year s could expe r ience
problems with th eir live r or kidneys.
67 . Styrene (ppb )
100
100
Dis char ge from ru bber an d plastic
factories; leaching from lan dfills.
Some people who drink wat er conta in ing styrene well in excess of th e MCL over man y year s could expe r ience problems with th eir liver, kidneys, or circulat ory
system.
68 . Tetra chloroeth ylene (ppb )
0
5
Dis char ge from factories an d dry clean ers.
Some people who drink wat er conta in ing t etra chloroeth ylene in excess of th e MCL
over man y year s could ha ve problems with th eir liver, an d ma y ha ve an increased r isk of gett ing can cer.
69. 1,2,4-
Trichlorobenzene (ppb )
70
70
Dis char ge from textile -fin ishing factories.
Some people who drink wat er conta in ing 1,2,4-tr ichlorobenzene well in excess of th e MCL over man y year s could
expe r ience chan ges in th eir adrena l glan ds.
70 . 1,1,1-Trichloroethan e (ppb )
200
200
Dis char ge from meta l degreasing sites an d oth er
factories.
Some people who drink wat er conta in ing 1,1,1-tr ichloroethan e in excess of th e MCL over man y year s could expe r ience
problems with th eir live r , nervous system, or circulat ory system.
71 . 1,1,2-Trichloroethan e (ppb )
3
5
Dis char ge from
industr ial chemical factories.
Some people who drink wat er conta in ing 1,1,2-tr ichloroethan e well in excess of th e MCL over man y year s could expe r ience
problems with th eir live r , kidneys, or immun e systems.
72 . Trichloroeth ylene (ppb )
0
5
Dis char ge from meta l degreasing sites an d oth er
factories.
Some people who drink wat er conta in ing tr ichloroeth ylene in excess of th e MCL over man y year s could expe r ience
problems with th eir live r an d ma y ha ve an increased r isk of gett ing can cer.
73. TTHMS [Tota l
tr iha lomethan es] (ppb )
n/a
100
By-product of drink ing wat er chlorinat ion.
Some people who drink wat er conta in ing tr iha lomethan es in excess of th e MCL
over man y year s ma y expe r ience problem s with th eir liver, kidneys, or centra l
nervous systems, an d ma y ha ve an increased r isk of gett ing can cer.
74 . Toluene (ppb )
1
1
Dischar ge by
petr oleum factories.
Some people who drink wat er conta in ing toluene well in excess of th e MCL over man y year s could expe r ience problems with th eir nervous system, kidneys, or liver.
75. Vinyl Chloride (ppb )
0
2
Leaching from PVC piping; dischar ge
from plastics factories.
Some people who drink wat er conta in ing vinyl chloride in excess of th e MCL over man y year s ma y ha ve an increased r isk of gett ing can cer.
76 . Xylenes (ppm)
10
10
Dis char ge from
petr oleum factories; dischar ge from
chemical factories.
Some people who drink wat er conta in ing xyle nes in excess of th e MCL over man y year s could expe rience dama ge to th eir
nervou s system.
(e) If a commun ity supply distr ibut es wat er to it s customers from mu lt iple hydrau lically indepe ndent distr ibut ion systems that ar e fed by differ ent ra w wat er sour ces, th en th e ta ble ma y conta in a sep arat e column for each service ar ea an d th e report ma y ident ify each sep arat e distr ibut ion supply. Alternat ively, supplies ma y produce sep arat e report s ta ilored to include data for each service ar ea.
(f) The ta ble or ta bles sha ll clear ly ident ify an y data indicat ing violat ions of MCLs or tr eatm ent techn iques an d th e report sha ll conta in a clear an d readily un derstan dable explanat ion of th e violat ion including th e length of th e violat ion, th e potent ia l adverse health effect s, an d actions tak en by th e supply to address th e violat ion. The supply sha ll use th e relevant lan gua ge in ta ble 4.2 to des cribe th e potent ia l health effect s.
(g) For detected unr egulat ed contam inant s for which monitoring is required, except Cryptosporidium , th e ta ble or ta bles sha ll conta in th e avera ge an d ran ge at which th e contam inant was detected. The report ma y include a brief explanat ion of th e reasons for monitoring for unr egulat ed contam inant s.
(8) The followin g in format ion sha ll be included on Cryptosporidium , ra don, an d oth er contam inant s:
(a) If th e supply ha s per form ed an y monitoring for Cryptosporidium , including monitoring per form ed to sat isfy th e requirement s of 40 C.F.R. part 141 , §141 .143 , which indicat es that Cryptosporidium ma y be prese nt in th e sour ce wat er or th e finished wat er, th e report sha ll include both of th e following:
(i) A summar y of th e results of th e monitoring.
(ii) An explanat ion of th e significan ce of th e results.
(b) If th e supply ha s per form ed an y monitoring for ra don which indicat es that ra don ma y be prese nt in th e finished wat er, th en th e report sha ll include both of th e followin g:
(i) The results of th e monitoring.
(ii) An explanat ion of th e significan ce of th e results.
(c) If th e supply ha s per form ed additiona l monitoring which indicat es th e prese nce of oth er contam inant s in th e finished wat er, th en th e supply is en coura ged to report an y results that ma y indicat e a health con cern . To determ ine if results ma y indicat e a health con cern , th e supply ma y determ ine if EP A ha s proposed an NP DWR or issued a health advisory for that contam inant by calling th e Safe Drink ing Wat er Hotline (800 -426 -4791 ). EP A con siders detects above a proposed MCL or health advisory level to indicat e possible health con cern s. For such contam inant s, th e report ma y include both of th e followin g:
(i) The results of th e monitoring.
(ii) An explanat ion of th e significan ce of th e results noting th e existence of a health advisory or a proposed regulat ion.
(9) For com plian ce with NP DWR, in addition to th e requirement s of subru le (7)(f) of th is ru le, th e report sha ll note an y violat ion that occurr ed dur ing th e year covered by th e report for all of th e followin g requirement s an d include a clear an d readily un derstan dable explanat ion of th e violat ion, an y potent ial adverse health effect s, an d th e steps th e supply ha s tak en to corr ect th e violat ion:
(a) Monitoring an d report ing of com plian ce data .
(b) F or filtrat ion an d disinfection prescribed by 40 C.F.R. part 141 , subpart H, supplies which ha ve failed to insta ll adequat e filtrat ion or disinfection equipment or pr ocesses , or ha ve ha d a fa ilur e of such equipment or pr ocesses which con st itut es a violat ion sha ll
include th e followin g lan gua ge as part of th e explanat ion of potent ia l adverse health effect s in th e report : “Ina dequat ely tr eat ed wat er ma y conta in disease-cau sing organ isms. These organ isms include bacteria, viru ses , an d para sites which can cau se symptoms such as nau sea, cram ps, diarrh ea, an d ass ociat ed headaches.”
(c) For lead an d coppe r contr ol requirement s prescribed by 40 C.F.R. part 141 , subpart I, supplies which fail to tak e one or more actions prescribed by R 325 .10604 f(1)(d), R 325 .10604 f(2), R 325 .10604 f(3), R 325 .10604 f(4), or R 325 .10604 f(5) sha ll include th e applicable lan gua ge of ta ble 4.2 for lead, coppe r , or both , in th e report .
(d) For treatm ent techn iques for acrylam ide an d epichlorohydrin prescribed by R 325 .10604e , supplies that violat e th e requirement s of R 325 .10604e sha ll include th e relevant lan gua ge from ta ble 4.2 in th e report .
(e) Recor dkeep ing of com plian ce data .
(f) Special monitoring requirement s prescribed by R 325 .10717b .
(g) Violat ion of th e term s of a var ian ce, an exemption, or an administrat ive or judicial order.
(10) For var ian ces an d exemptions, if a supply is operat ing un der th e term s of a var ian ce or an exemption issued un der section 20 of th e act, th en th e report sha ll conta in all of th e followin g in format ion:
(a) An explanat ion of th e reasons for th e var ian ce or exemption.
(b) The dat e on which th e var ian ce or exemption was issued.
(c) A brief statu s report on th e steps th e supply is tak ing to insta ll tr eatm ent , find alternat ive sour ces of wat er, or oth erwise com ply with th e term s an d schedules of th e var ian ce or exemption.
(d) A notice of an y opportun ity for public input in th e review , or renewal, of th e var ian ce or exemption.
(11) The report sha ll include th e followin g additiona l in format ion:
(a) A brief explanat ion regar ding contam inant s which ma y reasona bly be expe cted to be foun d in drink ing wat er including bott led wat er. The explanat ion ma y include th e lan gua ge of subdivisi on (a )(i) thr ough (iii) of th is subru le or supplies ma y use th eir own compara ble lan gua ge. The report also sha ll include th e lan gua ge of subdivisi on (a)(iv) of th is subru le.
(i) The sour ces of drink ing wat er, both ta p wat er an d bott led wat er, including rivers, lak es, str eam s, ponds, rese rvoirs, springs, an d wells . As wat er tra vels over th e sur face of th e lan d or thr ough th e groun d, it dissolves natura lly-occurr ing minera ls an d, in some cases , ra dioactive mat erial, an d can pick up substan ces resulting from th e prese nce of an ima ls or from human activity.
(ii) Contam inant s that ma y be prese nt in sour ce wat er include th e followin g:
(A) Microbial contam inant s, such as viru ses an d bacteria, which ma y com e from sewage tr eatm ent plant s, sep t ic systems, agricultura l livest ock operat ions, an d wildli fe.
(B) Inorgan ic contam inant s, such as salts an d meta ls, which can be natura lly-occurr ing or result from ur ban storm wat er run off, industr ial or domestic wastewat er dischar ges, oil an d gas production, mining, or farm ing.
(C) Pesticides an d herbicides , which ma y com e from a var iety of sour ces such as agricultur e, ur ban storm wat er run off, an d reside nt ial uses.
(D) Organ ic chemical contam inant s, including synth etic an d volat ile organ ic chemicals, which ar e by-products of industr ial pr ocesses an d petr oleum production, an d can also com e from gas stat ions, ur ban storm wat er run off, an d septic systems.
(E) Radioactive contam inant s, which can be natura lly-occurr ing or be th e result of oil an d gas production an d mining activities.
(iii) In order to ensur e that ta p wat er is safe to drink , EP A prescribes regulat ions that limit th e am ount of certa in contam inant s in wat er provided by public wat er supplies. FDA regulat ions esta blish limits for contam inant s in bott led wat er that sha ll provide th e sam e protection for public health .
(iv) Drink ing wat er, including bott led wat er, ma y reasona bly be expe cted to conta in at least sma ll am ount s of some contam inant s. The prese nce of contam inant s does not necess ar ily indicat e that wat er poses a health r isk . More in format ion about contam inant s an d potent ia l health effect s can be obta ined by calling th e Un ited Stat es En vironm enta l Pr otection Agency’s Safe Drink ing Wat er Hotline (800 -426 -4791 ).
(b) The report sha ll include th e telep hone num ber of th e owner, operat or, or des ignee of th e commun ity supply as a sour ce of additiona l in format ion con cern ing th e report .
(c) In commun it ies with great er than 10% non-En glish spe ak ing reside nt s, th e report sha ll conta in informat ion in th e appropriat e lan gua ge or lan gua ges regar ding th e importan ce of th e report or th e report sha ll conta in a telep hone num ber or address where reside nt s ma y conta ct th e supply to obta in a tran slat ed copy of th e report or assistan ce in th e appropriat e lan gua ge.
(d) The report sha ll include in format ion about opportun it ies for public part icipat ion in decisions by th e supplies that ma y a ffect th e qua lity of th e wat er; for exam ple, t ime an d place of regular ly scheduled boar d meetings.
(e) The supply ma y include such additiona l in format ion as it determ ines necess ar y for public educat ion con sistent with , an d not detra ct ing from, th e pur pose of th e report .
R 325 .10414 Annua l consume r con fid ence repo rti ng ; re qu ir ed additiona l hea lt h informa tio n.
Rule 414 .(1) All report s sha ll prominent ly display th e followin g lan gua ge: “Some people ma y be more vulnera ble to contam inant s in drink ing wat er than th e genera l populat ion. Immun o-com promised persons such as persons with can cer un dergoing chemoth era py, persons who ha ve un dergone organ tran splant s, people with HIV/AIDS or oth er immun e system disorders, some elde rly, an d infant s can be part icular ly at r isk from infections. These people ma y seek advice about drink ing wat er from th eir health car e providers. EP A/CDC guidelines on appropriat e mean s to lesse n th e r isk of infection by Cryptosporidium an d oth er microbial contam inant s ar e available from th e Safe Drink ing Wat er Hotline (800 -426 -4791 ).”
(2) A supply that detects ar senic at level s above 25 mg/l, but below th e MCL sha ll do eith er of th e followin g:
(a) Include in it s report a short in format iona l stat ement about ar senic, using lan gua ge, such a s, “EP A is reviewi ng th e curr ent drink ing wat er stan dar d of 50 mg/l (50 ppb) for ar senic. A recent stu dy con ducted by th e nat iona l academy of sciences suggests that th e curr ent stan dar d ma y not be str ingent enough. Arsenic contam inat ion can be cau sed by erosion of natura l deposits, run off from orchar ds an d run off from glass an d electr onics
production wastes. Arsenic is a natura lly occurr ing minera l kn own to cau se can cer in human s at high con centrat ions.”
(b) Write it s own educat iona l stat ement , but only in con sultat ion with th e departm ent .
(3) A supply that detects nitrat e at level s above 5 mg/l, but below th e MCL sha ll do eith er of th e following:
(a) Include a short in format iona l stat ement about th e impacts of nitrat e on children using lan gua ge, such as, “Nitrat e in drink ing wat er at level s above 10 ppm is a health r isk for infant s of less than six month s of age. High nitrat e level s in drink ing wat er can cau se blue baby syndrome. Nitrat e level s ma y r ise quickly for short periods of t ime becau se of ra infall or agricultura l activity. If you ar e car ing for an infant , you ar e encoura ged to ask advice from your health car e provider.”
(b) Write it s own educat iona l stat ement , but only in con sultat ion with th e departm ent .
(4) Supplies that detect lead above th e action level in more than 5%, an d up to an d including 10%, of homes sam pled sha ll do eith er of th e followin g:
(a) Include a short in format iona l stat ement about th e special impact of lead on children using lan gua ge, such as, “Infant s an d youn g children ar e typically more vulnera ble to lead in drink ing wat er than th e genera l populat ion. It is possible that lead level s at your home ma y be higher than at oth er homes in th e commun ity as a result of mat erials used in your home’s plum bing. If you ar e con cern ed about elevat ed lead level s in your home’s wat er, you ma y wish to ha ve your wat er tested an d flush your ta p for 30 se con ds to 2 minut es befor e using ta p wat er. Additiona l in format ion is available from th e Safe Drink ing Wat er Hotline (800 -426 -4791 ).”
(b) Write it s own educat iona l stat ement , but only in con sultat ion with th e departm ent .
(5) Commun ity wat er supplies that detect tota l tr iha lomethan es above 0.080 mg/l, but below th e MCL in R 325 .10604 a , as an annua l avera ge, monitored an d calculat ed un der th e provisions of R 325 .10719 a , R325 .10719b , an d R325 .10719 c, sha ll include health effect s lan gua ge prescribed by ta ble 4.2.
R 325 .10415 Annua l consume r con fid ence repo rti ng ; repo rt de li ve ry and reco rdkeeping .
Rule 415 . (1) Except as provided in subru le (7) of th is ru le, each commun ity supply sha ll ma il or oth erwise directly deliver one copy of th e report to each customer.
(2) The supply sha ll mak e a good faith effort to reach con sum ers who do not get wat er bills , using mean s recomm ended by th e dep artm ent . The dep artm ent expe cts that an adequat e good faith effort will be ta ilored to th e con sum ers who ar e served by th e supply but ar e not bill-paying customers such as rent ers or work ers. A good faith effort to reach con sum ers ma y include, but not be limited to, a mix of an y of th e followin g meth ods appropriat e to th e part icular supply:
(a) Posting th e report on th e Int ern et.
(b) Mailing to posta l patr ons in metr opolitan ar eas.
(c) Advert ising th e availability of th e report in th e news media. (d) Pu blicat ion in a loca l newsp aper.
(e) Posting in public places such as cafeterias or lun ch r oom s of public buildings.
(f) Delive ry of mu lt iple copies for distr ibut ion by single-biller customers such as apartm ent buildings or lar ge privat e employers.
(g) Delive ry to commun ity organ izat ions.
(3) Not lat er than th e dat e th e supply is required to distr ibut e th e report to it s customers, each commun ity supply sha ll ma il a copy of th e report to th e dep artm ent , followed with in 3 month s by a cert ificat ion that th e report ha s been distr ibut ed to customers, an d that th e in format ion is corr ect an d con sistent with th e com plian ce monitoring data previously submitt ed to th e departm ent .
(4) Not lat er than th e dat e th e supply is required to distr ibut e th e report to it s customers, each commun ity supply sha ll deliver th e report to th e loca l health dep artm ent with jur isdiction in th e count y in which th e supply is locat ed. If th e supply’s service ar ea is locat ed in more than one count y, th en th e report sha ll be delivered to all appropriat e loca l health dep artm ent s. In addition, each commun ity supply sha ll deliver th e report to an y oth er agency or clear inghouse ident ified in writing by th e dep artm ent .
(5) Ea ch commun ity supply sha ll mak e it s report available to th e public upon request.
(6) Ea ch commun ity supply serving 100 ,000 or more persons sha ll post it s curr ent year ’s report to a publicly a ccessible site on th e Int ern et.
(7) The govern or or his or her des ignee, for th e pur poses of waiving th e ma iling requirement , ma y waive th e requirement of subru le (1) of th is rule for commun ity wat er supplies serving fewer than 10,000 persons.
(a) Supplies serving fewer than 10,000 persons that elect to use th e waiver sha ll do all th e following:
(i) Pu blish th e report in one or more loca l newsp apers serving th e ar ea in which th e supply is locat ed.
(ii) In form th e customers that th e report will not be ma iled, eith er in th e newsp apers in which th e report is published or by oth er mean s approved by th e dep artm ent .
(iii) Mak e th e report available to th e public upon request.
(b) Supplies serving 500 or fewer persons that elect to use th e waiver ma y for ego th e requirement s of subdivisi on (a )(i) an d (ii) of th is subru le if th ey provide notice at least once per year to th eir customers by ma il, door -to-door delivery, or by posting in an appropriat e locat ion that th e report is available upon request.
(8) Any supply subject to R 325 .10411 to R 325 .10415 sha ll reta in copies of it s con sum er con fidence report for not less than 5 year s.
R 325 .10416 Annua l w ate r qua lit y repo rti ng ; chi ld ca re cente rs and K-12 schoo ls c lassi fied as non tra ns ien t noncommun ity w ate r supp li es .
Rule 416 .(1) R 325 .10416 to R 325 .10419 apply only to th e following nontran sient non commun ity wat er supplies:
(a) Child car e cent ers classified as nontran sient non commun ity wat er supplies.
(b) K-12 sch ools classified as nontran sient non commun ity wat er supplies.
(2) R 325 .10418 esta blishes th e minimum requirement s for th e cont ent of annua l wat er qua lity report s that sha ll be available to con sum ers an d to th e par ent s or legal guar dian s of stu dent s or children less than 18 year s of age.
R 325 .10417 Annua l w ate r qua lit y repo rti ng ; e ffec tiv e dates .
Rule 417 . (1) Ea ch existing nontran sient non commun ity wat er supply that is also a child car e cent er or K-12 sch ool sha ll mak e available it s fir st annua l wat er qua lity report by October 1, 2001 an d subseq uent annua l wat er qua lity report s by October 1 annua lly.
(2) A new nontran sient non commun ity wat er supply that is also a child car e cent er or K-12 sch ool sha ll mak e available it s fir st annua l wat er qua lity report by October 1 of th e year after it s fir st full calendar year in operat ion an d th en by October 1 annua lly.
R 325 .10418 Annua l w ate r qua lit y repo rti ng ; content of repo rt s .
Rule 418 . (1) Ea ch nontran sient non commun ity wat er supply that is also a child car e cent er or K-12 school sha ll prepar e an annua l wat er qua lity report that conta ins eith er a summar y of com plian ce monitoring data for th e previous calendar year or copies of th e laborat ory report s for all com plian ce monitoring per form ed in th e previous calendar year .
(2) The first annua l wat er qua lity report after com pletion of a sour ce wat er assess ment by th e dep artm ent sha ll include a notificat ion that th e sour ce wat er assess ment ha s been com pleted an d that a copy of th e sour ce wat er assess ment is available upon request.
R 325 .10419 Annua l w ate r qua lit y repo rti ng ; repo rt de li ve ry and reco rdkeeping .
Rule 419 . (1) Ea ch nontran sient non commun ity wat er supply that is also a child car e cent er or K-12 sch ool sha ll post for at least 30 days a stat ement instru ct ing int erested part ies that th e annua l wat er qua lity report is available upon request.
(2) Any supply subject to th is ru le sha ll reta in copies of it s annua l wat er qua lity report an d th e notice of availability for not less than 5 year s.
R 325 .10420 Annua l w ate r qua lit y repo rti ng ; contaminants for vu lne rab le subpopu lation .
Rule 420 . Pur suant to section 14 of th e act, if an y contam inant s listed in ta ble 4.3 ar e detected above a level of con cern as indicat ed in ta ble 4.3, th en th e con sum er con fidence report or th e annua l wat er qua lity report ma y include a des cription of th e potent ia l health effect s an d th e vulnera ble subpopulat ion that ma y be susceptible to th e level of contam inant detected using th e relevant lan gua ge provided in ta ble 4.2.
TABLE 4.3
Contam inant s For Vulnera ble Subpopulat ion Rep ort ing
Contaminant
Susceptib le Vu lne rab le Subpopu lation
Leve l Of Conce rn
F eca l coliform / E. coli
Infant s, youn g children, an d people with sever ely com prom ised immun e syst em s.
Confirm ed prese nce (an y confirm ed detect)
Coppe r
People with Wilson’s disease.
1.3 mg/l (ppm)
Fluoride
Children.
4.0 mg/l (ppm)
Lead
Infant s an d children.
15 .0 µg/l (ppb)
Nitrat e
Infant s below th e age of six month s.
10 .0 mg/l (ppm )
Nitr ite
Infant s below th e age of six month s.
1.0 mg/l (ppm )
