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ORR # 2004-031
DEPARTMENT OF LABOR AND ECONOMIC GROWTH DIRECTOR'S OFFICE
CONSTRUCTION SAFETY STANDARDS
Filed with the Secretary of State on
These rules take effect 7 days after filing with the Secretary of State
(By authority conferred on the director of the department of labor and economic growth by sections 16 and 21 of 1974 PA 154, and Executive Reorganization Order Nos. 1996-2 and 2003-18, MCL 408.1016,
408.1021, 445.2001, and 445.2011)
R 408.40818, R 408.40819, R 408.40821, R 408.40822, R 408.40823, R 408.40831, R 408.40832, R
408.40833, R 408.40834, R 408.40835, R 408.40836, and R 408.40837 of the Michigan Administrative Code are amended; R 408.40810, R 408.40840, and R 408.40841 are added to the code as follows:
PART 8. HANDLING AND STORAGE OF MATERIALS
R 408.40810 Adoption by reference of standards.
Rule 810. (1) The Compressed Gas Association Standard, P-1--2000, Safe Handling of Compressed Gases in Containers, ninth edition, is adopted by reference in these rules. The standard is available from the Compressed Gas Association, Inc., 4221 Walney Road, 5th Floor, Chantilly, VA, 20151-2923; telephone number: 703-788-2700 or via the internet at web-site: www.cganet.com at a cost as of the time of adoption of these amendments of $89.00 or it is available for review at the offices of the Michigan Department of Labor and Economic Growth, MIOSHA Standards Section, 7150 Harris Drive, Box 30643, Lansing, Michigan 48909-8143.
(2) The following Michigan occupational safety and health standards are referenced in these rules. Up to 5 copies of these standards may be obtained at no charge from the Michigan Department of Labor and Economic Growth, MIOSHA Standards Section, 7150 Harris Drive, P.O. Box 30643, Lansing, Michigan, 48909-8143 or via the internet at web-site: www.michigan.gov/mioshastandards. For quantities greater than 5, the cost is 4 cents per page.
(a) Part 1 General Rules, R 408.40101 et seq.
(b) Part 7 Welding and Cutting, R 408.40701 et seq.
(c) Part 10 Lifting and Digging Equipment, R 408.41001a et seq.
(d) Part 13 Mobile Equipment, R 408.41301 et seq.
(e) Part 18 Fire Protection and Prevention, R 408.41801 et seq.
(f) Part 27 Blasting And Use of Explosives, R 408.42701 et seq.
(g) Part 45 Fall Protection, R 408.44501 et seq.
(h) Part 49 Slings, R 408.14901 et seq.
R 408.40818 General provisions; storage.
Rule 818. (1) All material shall be stacked, racked, blocked, interlocked, or otherwise secured to prevent sliding, falling, or collapse during storage or transit.
(a) Structural steel, poles, pipe, bar stock, and other cylindrical materials, unless racked, shall be stacked and blocked so as to prevent spreading or tilting.
(2) Before material is unloaded from a railcar or vehicle or removed from storage, the load or pile shall be examined to ascertain if the material has shifted, binders or stakes have broken, or the load or pile is otherwise hazardous to an employee. If a hazardous condition is found, an attempt shall not be made to remove the load until corrective measures are taken that will ensure the safety of the employee who is exposed to the hazardous condition.
(3) The maximum safe load limit in pounds per square foot of a floor or roof of a building shall be conspicuously posted in all storage areas, except a slab on grade. The maximum safe load limit shall not be exceeded.
(4) Except for masonry and mortar, material shall not be stored within 4 feet (1.2 m) of a working edge during overhand bricklaying or related work.
(5) Gravel, sand, and crushed stone shall be withdrawn from a pile or barrow area in a manner that prevents overhangs and vertical faces.
(6) Storage areas, aisles, and passageways shall be kept free of the accumulation of materials that constitutes a hazard to the movement of material-handling equipment and employees. Such areas shall be kept in good repair.
(7) If a difference in road or work levels exists, ramps, grading, or blocking shall be provided to ensure the safe movement of material-handling equipment.
(8) A railcar, truck, or semitrailer shall be chocked or otherwise secured during loading and unloading if the movement of a railcar, truck, or trailer could create a hazard for the employee.
(9) A load line shall not be wrapped around the material being lifted.
(10) A material shall not be stored with any other material with which it could react and cause a hazardous condition.
(11) While roofing work is being performed, materials and equipment shall not be stored within 6 feet (1.8 m) of a roof edge, unless guardrails are erected at the roof edge.
(12) Materials that are piled, grouped, or stacked near a roof edge shall be stable and self-supporting.
(13) Material stored inside buildings under construction shall not be placed within 6 feet of any hoistway or inside floor openings, nor within 10 feet of an exterior wall that does not extend above the top of the material stored.
(14) Noncompatible materials shall be segregated in storage.
(15) Storage areas shall be kept free from accumulation of materials that constitute hazards from tripping, fire, explosion, or pest harborage. Vegetation control shall be exercised when necessary.
(16) Materials shall not be stored on scaffolds or runways in excess of supplies needed for immediate operations.
(17) Portable and powered dockboards shall be strong enough to carry the load imposed on them.
(18) Portable dockboards shall be secured in position by being anchored and equipped with devices that will prevent slipping.
(19) Handholds, or other effective means, shall be provided on portable dockboards to permit safe handling.
(20) Positive protection shall be provided to prevent railroad cars from being moved while dockboards or bridge plates are in position.
R 408.40819. Storage of bagged material, brick, and block.
Rule 819. (1) The height of a manually stacked pile of bagged material, weighing more than 30 pounds per bag, shall not exceed 5 feet.
(2) Bagged material on a pallet shall be all of the following:
(a) Not more than 36 inches in height.
(b) Secured to prevent displacement from the pallet before moving.
(c) Stacked not more than 2 pallets high.
(d) Stacked by stepping back the layers and cross-keying the bags at least every 10 bags high.
(3) A loose brick or tile stack shall be all of the following:
(a) Tapered back 2 inches in every foot of height above 4 feet.
(b) Not exceed 6 feet in height.
(c) Cross-keyed at each 2-foot level.
(4) A loose block stack shall be all of the following:
(a) Not exceed 6 feet in height.
(b) Cross-keyed at each 3-foot level.
(5) Brick on a pallet shall be all of the following:
(a) Not more than 30 inches in height.
(b) Secured to prevent displacement from the pallet before moving.
(c) Stacked not more than 2 pallets high.
(6) Block on a pallet shall be all of the following:
(a) Not more than 46 inches in height.
(b) Cross-keyed every course or secured to pallet.
(c) Stacked not more than 2 pallets high
(7) Brick or block in a banded cube shall not be stacked more than 2 cubes high.
R 408.40821 Storage of material in bins or hoppers.
Rule 821. (1) A bin or hopper that has a bottom discharge shall have sloped sides to allow material to flow freely.
(2) A hopper shall have a top opening that is 42 inches or less above the ground or working surface and shall be equipped with grillwork over the opening which is capable of supporting any intended load and which has a mesh that is not more than 6 by 6 inches to prevent employee entry.
(3) An employee required to enter or work on stored material in a silo, hopper, bin, tank, or similar storage area shall be provided with a personal fall arrest system as prescribed in Part 45 Fall Protection, being R 408.44501 et seq., and as prescribed in Part 1 General Rules being R 408.40120 Work in hazardous spaces and R 408.40121 Confined or enclosed spaces; testing; neutralizing hazard.
R 408.40822 Clearances.
Rule 822. (1) Material stored near an electrical distribution or transmission line shall maintain the following clearances:
(a) Line rated 50 kV or less--10 feet plus length of material stored.
(b) Lines rated 50 kV or more--10 feet plus 0.4 inch for each 1 kV over 50 kV plus length of material stored or 10 feet plus 4 inches for each 10 kV over 50 kV plus length of material stored.
(2) All equipment used to store material near energized electrical lines shall conform to Part 10 Lifting and Digging Equipment, and Part 13 Mobile Equipment.
(3) An employee shall be designated to observe the clearance and give timely warning if it is difficult for the operator to maintain the prescribed clearance by visual means.
(4) An employee storing or handling material shall not come closer than the prescribed clearances of subrule (1) of this rule.
R 408.40823 Compressed gas.
Rule 823. The handling and storage of all compressed gases, except those used for welding and cutting, shall be as prescribed in the Compressed Gas Association Standard, P-1--2000, Safe Handling of Compressed Gases in Containers, ninth edition, which is adopted by reference in R 408.40810.
R 408.40831 Disposal of waste materials.
Rule 831. (1) The area onto and through which material is to be dropped shall be completely enclosed with barricades not less than 36 inches or more than 42 inches high and not less than 6 feet back from the opening and area receiving the material. Signs warning of the hazard of falling materials shall be posted on the barricades at each level containing the barricades. Removal of signs shall not be permitted in this lower area until debris handling ceases above.
(2) If material is dropped through more than 1 level, the opening shall be enclosed between the upper and lower levels, or an enclosed chute provided, or the intermediate levels barricaded as prescribed in subrule (1) of this rule. If the drop is more than 40 feet inside a building, then only an enclosed opening or chute shall be used. The chute or enclosure shall extend through the ceiling of the receiving level.
(3) A material chute shall be constructed to withstand any impact load imposed on it without failure.
(4) A material chute, or section of a material chute, at an angle of more than 45 degrees from the horizontal shall be entirely enclosed, except an opening may be provided at or about each floor level for insertion of materials. The opening shall not exceed 48 inches in height measured along the wall of the chute. At all stories below the top floor, the openings shall be kept closed if not in use.
(5) A material chute shall fit a floor or wall opening, or the space between the chute and the floor or wall opening shall be covered.
(6) If material is dumped from mechanical equipment or a wheelbarrow, then a toeboard or bumper not less than 4 inches thick x 6 inches high nominal size shall be secured to the floor at each material chute opening.
(7) A gate capable of withstanding the load imposed on it shall be installed at or near the discharge end of a material chute. A trained employee shall be in charge of opening the gate and loading of trucks.
(8) If the drop is more than 20 feet outside the exterior of the building, then a chute as prescribed in subrules (3) to (6) of this rule shall be used, and extend to within 8 feet of the lower level.
(9) Material, barricades, and chutes shall not be removed until material handling ceases above.
(10) All scrap lumber, waste materials, or rubbish shall be removed from the immediate work area as the work progresses.
(11) Disposal of waste material or debris by burning shall comply with local fire regulations.
(12) All solvent waste, oily rags, and flammable liquids shall be kept in fire resistant covered containers until removed from the worksite.
R 408.40832 Rigging equipment.
Rule 832. (1) Rigging equipment for material handling shall be inspected at the time of installation, before each job, and at the beginning of each shift if in use, by an employee qualified to perform this inspection. Defective rigging equipment shall be removed from service.
(2) If not in use, rigging equipment shall be stored in a manner which is not hazardous for an employee.
(3) Rigging equipment, other than a sling, hoisting line, and alloy steel chain, shall not be loaded in excess of its recommended safe working load, as prescribed in tables 1 to 22 in Part 49 Slings, R 408.14901 et seq.
R 408.40833 Slings.
Rule 833. All slings used to store or handle material for construction operations shall meet the requirements of Part 49 Slings, R 408.14901 et seq.
R 408.40834 Wire ropes.
Rule 834. (1) Wire rope shall be taken out of service if any of the following conditions exist:
(a) In running ropes, 6 randomly distributed broken wires in 1 lay or 3 broken wires in 1 strand in 1 lay.
(b) Wear of 1/3 the original diameter of outside individual wires. Kinking, crushing, bird-caging, or any other damage resulting in distortion of the rope structure, except for deformation caused by normal methods of attachment to drums, hooks, shackles, or other accessories.
(c) Evidence of any heat damage from any cause.
(d) Reductions from nominal diameter of more than 1/64-inch for diameters up to and including 5/16- inch, 1/32-inch for diameters 3/8-inch to and including 1/2-inch, 3/64-inch for diameters 9/16-inch to and including 3/4-inch, 1/16-inch for diameters 7/8-inch to 1-1/8-inches inclusive, 3/32-inch for diameters 1-1/4 to 1-1/2 inches inclusive.
(e) In standing ropes, more than 2 broken wires in 1 lay in sections beyond end connections or more than 1 broken wire at an end connection.
(f) Wire rope shall not be used if, in any length of 8 diameters, the total number of visible broken wires exceeds 10% of the total number of wires, or if the rope shows other signs of excessive wear, corrosion, or defect.
(2) The defective portion of a wire rope and any areas of deformation caused by normal methods of attachment of a wire rope, removed as provided for in subrule (1) of this rule, shall not be used for other load carrying service.
(3) A wire rope used for hoisting, lowering, or pulling shall consist of 1 continuous piece without a knot or splice, except an eye splice at the end of a wire rope.
(4) If wire rope clips are used to form eyes in a wire rope, table 1 shall be followed as to numbers and spacing to be used. The "u" section shall be on the dead end side.
(5) An eye splice made in any wire rope shall have not less than 4 full tucks.
(6) A wire rope eye shall be equipped with a thimble if the eye is placed over or around an object with a sharp corner.
(7) Protruding ends of strands in splices on slings and bridles shall be covered or blunted.
(8) Shock loading is prohibited.
(9) Table 1 reads as follows:
TABLE 1
NUMBER AND SPACING OF U-BOLT WIRE ROPE CLIPS
Improved plow steel, rope diameter (inches)
Number of clips
Minimum spacing (inches)
Drop forged
Other material
1/2 or less
3
4
3
5/8
3
4
3-3/4
3/4
4
5
4-1/2
7/8
4
5
5-1/4
1
5
6
6
1-1/8
6
6
6-3/4
1-1/4
6
7
7-1/2
1-3/8
7
7
8-1/4
1-1/2
7
8
9
R 408.40835 Natural and synthetic fiber rope; specifics.
Rule 835. (1) A natural or synthetic fiber rope used for hoisting, lowering, or pulling shall consist of 1 continuous piece without a knot or splice, except an eye splice at the end of the rope.
(2) An eye splice for manila rope shall contain not less than 3 full tucks, and short splices shall contain not less than 6 full tucks, 3 on each side of the splice center line.
(3) An eye splice for stranded synthetic fiber rope shall contain not less than 4 full tucks, and short splices shall contain not less than 8 full tucks, 4 on each side of the splice center line. An eye splice for other types of synthetic fiber rope shall be made as prescribed by the rope manufacturer.
(4) An eye splice for natural or synthetic fiber rope shall be of a size to provide an interior angle at the splice of not more than 60 degrees when the eye is placed over the load or support.
(5) A natural or synthetic fiber rope eye shall be equipped with a thimble if the eye is placed over or around an object with a sharp corner.
(6) Strand end tails from an eye splice shall not be trimmed flush with the surface of the rope immediately adjacent to the full tucks. This applies to both eye and short splices and all types of fiber rope.
(a) Tails from an eye splice for a fiber rope less than 1-inch in diameter shall project not less than 6 rope diameters beyond the last full tuck.
(b) Tails from the eye splice for fiber rope 1-inch or more in diameter shall project not less than 6 inches beyond the last full tuck.
(c) Projecting tails may be tapered and spliced into the body of the rope using not less than 2 additional tucks, which shall require a tail length of approximately 6 rope diameters beyond the last full tuck or they may be taped or wired down.
(7) A natural or synthetic rope shall not be used for load carrying service if any of the following apply:
(a) It is frozen or has been subjected to corrosive chemicals or extreme temperatures.
(b) It has begun to unravel.
(c) It has external abrasions, cuts, or broken fibers, decay, burns, softness, or variation in size or roundness.
(d) It has internal presence of grit, broken fibers, mildew or mold, color change, powdering, or loose fibers.
(8) Natural or synthetic rope shall not be used if there is exposure to corrosive substances, chemicals, or heat.
R 408.40836 Hooks, shackles, and other accessories.
Rule 836. (1) A hook, ring, oblong link, pear-shaped link, welded or mechanical coupling link, or other attachment, when used with alloy steel chain, shall have a rated capacity equal to the chain or rope to which it is attached, and the load shall not exceed the rated load. Shackles and other accessories shall have a rated capacity equal to or greater than the load to which it is attached.
(2) A hook shall be discarded if either of the following applies:
(a) The throat opening is more than 15% greater than the manufactured size.
(b) The hook has more than 10 degrees twist from a vertical center line drawn through the hook center.
(3) A closed hook shall be used if there is a probability of the load becoming disengaged.
(4) Special custom designed grabs, hooks, clamps, and other lifting accessories, for such units as modular panels, prefabricated structures and similar materials, shall be marked to indicate the safe working loads and shall be proof tested to 125% of their rated load.
(5) A job or shop hook and link, or a makeshift fastener, formed from a bolt, rod, or other such accessories, shall not be used, unless tested in accordance to subrule (4) of this rule.
(6) A shackle and connecting pin, and other accessories, shall be discarded if the diameter is reduced by more than 10%.
R 408.40837 Chains.
Rule 837. (1) Chains used for material handling shall be made of alloy steel.
(2) A welded alloy steel chain shall have a permanently affixed tag showing the size, grade, rated capacity, and manufacturer's name.
(3) If wear at any point of any chain link is more than that shown in table 2, then the chain shall be repaired or replaced. The repair shall return the chain to its rated capacity.
(4) A load-carrying chain shall be repaired only by the manufacturer.
TABLE 2
MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE WEAR AT ANY POINT OF LINK
Chain Size (inches)
Maximum Allowable Wear (inch)
1/4
3/64
3/8
5/64
1/2
7/64
5/8
9/64
3/4
5/32
7/8
11/64
1
3/16
1-1/8
7/32
1-1/4
1/4
1-3/8
9/32
1-1/2
5/16
1-3/4
11/32
R 408.40840 Shackles and hooks safe working loads.
Rule 840. (1) Table 3 shall be used to determine the safe working loads of various sizes of shackles, except that higher safe working loads are permissible if recommended by the manufacturer for specific, identifiable products, provided that a safety factor of not less than 5 is maintained.
(2) The manufacturer’s recommendations shall be followed in determining the safe working loads of the various sizes and types of specific and identifiable hooks. All hooks for which manufacturer’s recommendations are not available shall be tested to twice the intended safe working load before they are initially put into use. The employer shall maintain a record of the dates and results of such tests.
TABLE3SAFE WORKING LOADS FOR SHACKLES
In Tons (2,000 Pounds)
Material Size (inches)
Pin Diameter (inches)
Safe Working Load
1/2
5/8
1.4
5/8
3/4
2.2
3/4
7/8
3.2
7/8
1
4.3
1
1 1/8
5.6
1 1/8
1 1/4
6.7
1 1/4
1 3/8
8.2
1 3/8
1 1/2
10.0
1 1/2
1 5/8
11.9
1 3/4
2
16.2
2
2 1/4
21.2
R 408.40841 Synthetic webbing (nylon, polyester, and polypropylene).
(1) The employer shall have each synthetic web sling marked or coded to show all of the following:
(a) Name or trademark of manufacturer.
(b) Rated capacities for the type of hitch.
(c) Type of material.
(2) Rated capacity shall not be exceeded.
(3) Synthetic webbing shall be of uniform thickness and width and selvage edges shall not be split from the webbing's width.
